From 'Guysborough Sketches and Essays' by A.C. Jost THE SIXTIETH REGIMENT The war clouds were again gathering. England, which had already drawn upon every source of supply to meet the call for reinforcements for her armies must prepare anew for the shock of battle. She must again call upon her old reserves in order to expand her scanty forces or must discover new sources from which to obtain the regiments on which her safety depended. So, when it was suggested that in the new world sufficient man power to keep in the field four battalions of one thousand men each was to be found among the aliens from Europe who had there found shelter, action was not long delayed. The new Regiment, it was planned, would be something of the nature of a foreign legion. The recruits would be largely from those colonists of German or Swiss descent who had cast in their lot with the English among the dangers of the new world. Many of these were not wholly unacquainted with military training. Many had experience in border warfare, and would be the more valuable on that account. They would be taught a simple drill, would be lightly equipped, would be mobile and would be trained especially to take part in the open style of fighting at which their probable adversaries, the French and Indians of the frontier, were adepts. General Braddock's defeat had amply demonstrated the uselessness Of the soldier trained according to the European ideas under the attack of the skulking Indian or woodsman. The new regiment would be used largely if not wholly in the new world, against the French and the Indians, who were a constant menace on the border, but whose attacks would doubtless be made with redoubled intensity when war had been declared. There was one objection, that of language. The British army, from its own training cadres, could not supply the officers qualified in languages to lead the alien troops. There were on the Continent, however, many Protestants with the necessary qualifications for the junior, and in fact for many of' the senior ranks, who would gladly serve, if provision could be made for the employment of other than British officers in the commissioned grades. However distasteful this might have been under ordinary circumstances conditions now were not those which permitted much procrastination or delay, and the decision was quickly reached. In December 1755, the orders for the equipping and raising of the Regiment were given, and the Royal Americans came into existence. A special Act of Parliament permitted the employment of Swiss or German officers who were not British subjects. What loss of prestige the Regiment might suffer on this account was counter-balanced by making the Commander-in-Chief of the forces in America the Colonel-in-Chief of the Regiment. About 81,000 pounds were Voted for the expenses of the Regiment. The enabling Act received the assent of Parliament in January 1756, though not before Pitt had denounced the arrangement, demanding that none but British soldiers be permitted the privilege of fighting Britain's battles. The Earl of Loudon, then Commander-in-Chief, was made Colonel of the Regiment it was first numbered the 62nd, but the following year it became the 60th. The uniform was red, with blue facings, made more resplendent with white lace and two blue stripes. Thus the services of four thousand additional defenders were added to Britain's forces, at a most critical period in her history, and thus were taken the first steps in the formation of a Regiment which since that time has upheld the military traditions of the service on many a stricken field. It was not long awaiting its baptism of fire. Almost from the time of it's formation its battle records commence. The reverse at Ticonderoga was followed shortly by the successful attack and capture of Fort Frontenac, in both of which actions the 1st and 4th Battalions of the Regiment took part. It participated in the capture of Fort DuQuesne, thus striking a blow at the French tenure of the new world which was never successfully countered. The 2nd and 3rd Battalions were present both at the capture of Louisburg in 1758, the battle on the Plains of Abraham and the taking of Quebec in 1759, and the capture of Montreal, the final victory of the war, in 1760. At the battle of Montmorency Falls these Battalions so distinguished themselves as to obtain from General Wolfe himself, permission to use the motto the Regiment still displays, 'Celer et Audax'. These were the Battalions which for a time were stationed in Halifax. At a date still later, to the unit was given the responsibility of garrisoning the western frontier, no mean task, when Pontiac's treacherous and determined effort to oust the English from the hunting grounds of the Indian Confederacy was made. The successful defense of Forts Pitt and Detroit foiled Pontiac's attempt, and at Bushy Run, the most noteworthy instance of a defeat by an English body of troops fighting according to the accepted methods of Indian warfare, was prepared the way for his defeat and England's undisturbed possession of the vast territory west of the Alleghenys. With the coming of peace, the 3rd and 4th Battalions were disbanded. Recruited as all its men had been from the American colonies, the presence of the Regiment in those colonies during the troublous times antedating the War of Independence was not considered desirable, especially since there was ample work for it in the conquest and protection of the West Indies. When, however, it became necessary to meet the situation arising from the threatened outbreak of hostilities with the colonies, there was added to the Regiment a large accession of strength, the 3rd and 4th Battalions being again formed, but recruited now in the Isle of Wight, where was the Regimental Depot. After a period of service in the West Indies, the different Battalions or portions of them were gradually drawn into the struggle on the mainland. The 4th Battalion took part in the expedition to Georgia, was present at the siege and capture of Fort Sunbury, and with the 3rd Battalion, also fought in Florida in 1778. In 1779 the 4th Battalion was at Briar's Creek, Hudson Ferry and the Siege of Savannah. In 1780 it took part in the siege of Fort Mobile and the defense of Baton Rouge. In 1781, the 3rd Battalion was at Hobkirk's Hill and some of it was at the capture of Fort George on the West Coast of Florida by the Spaniards. Finally, some members of the Regiment were present at the surrender at York Town, the deciding engagement of the conflict. With the close of the War of Independence the Regiment had already passed through 18 years of a most eventful career. There had been in the period, several changes in the Colonelcy. James, Earl of Loudon had been followed in time by James Abercromby, Jeffrey Amherst, the Hon. Thomas Gage, and still later by Lord Amherst. Other distinguished officers during the period were the two brothers, Augustine and Marc Prevost, who commanded the 3rd and 4th Battalions during the bitter fighting in Georgia and the Carolinas. In the Prevost family is still preserved the colours of a Carolina Regiment captured by units of his battalion by the latter officer. One name which perhaps is of special interest to us is that of J. F. W. DesBarres. DesBarres is said to have been born in Paris in 1722. He was of Swiss descent, and joined the Regiment under the special inducements offered to foreign Protestants who had the requisite engineering training. His Lieutenant's Commission was dated 22nd of' February, 1756; his commission as Captain, 23 Sept., 1775. Those who remember the story of the DesBarres family will remember the family tradition, apparently accepted by Henry J. Morgan, that the officer in whose arms Wolfe fell when he received his death wound on the Plains of Abraham was this DesBarres, afterwards the author of the Atlantic Neptune, the Surveyor of the North Atlantic littoral and the Lieutenant-Governor of Cape Breton. He died in Halifax at Poplar Grove on 27th of October, 1824. His descendants and the descendants of members of the disbanded 3rd and 4th Battalions of his old Regiment now fraternize in Guysborough County after an interval of nearly a century and a half. While the story of the Regiment, so far as the history of Guysborough county is concerned, centres around the battalions disbanded at the close of the War of Independence, its later history well repays attention. It was again made a four battalion Regiment in 1788, and took part in a large number of engagements in the West Indies. In 1797 the 5th Battalion was raised and became a special Corps of Riflemen. A 6th Battalion was added in 1799. Some of these were in every engagement of note in the Peninsular War, others being scattered from Dominica to the Cape of Good Hope. The 7th and 8th Battalions were added in 1813. In 1815 the whole Regiment adopted the green uniform of riflemen, and, when reduced again to two battalion strength, changed its name to the Duke of York's Own Rifle Corps. He was Colonel for 30 years. After his death in 1827 the Duke of Cambridge followed in the appointment. In 1830 the Regiment became the King's Royal Rifle Corps. India and South Africa were next the scenes of the Regiment's exploits. Forty-one all ranks, with seven women and thirteen children were among the heroes of the Birkenhead in 1852. Throughout the whole of the Indian Mutiny, especially at the siege and taking of Delhi, some of its units fought, as also in China in 1860. The 1st Battalion took part in the Red River Rebellion in 1870. Detachments from it were present in Quebec in 1871, when the Union British Flag was lowered from the standard to give way to the flag of the Dominion, as they had been in 1759 when the British flag was first raised in that place. It was represented at Kabul, Kandahar, and the engagements of the Afghan War, also at the Zulu War and the First Boer War. Tel el Kebir and the Nile Expedition, Chitral and the wreck of the Warren Hastings were incidents in its history, with, still later, Ladysmith, its defense and relief, Talana Hill, Spion Kop and the long drawn out Great Boer War. A Regimental history refers to it as,-"a Corps whose battle honors are unequaled in number, and whose reputation for courage and discipline is unsurpassed in the annals of the British Army". Possibly it is because of the relatively large number of persons in the battalions disbanded in 1783 whose names indicated German origin that they are sometimes referred to as Hessians. Some of the individuals may have been Hessians, may rightly be applied. Precisely as in the last war all Germans became eventually to be called Huns, so in the Revolutionary War the term, Hessian, was used in a more or less opprobrious way and was applied to all troops hired by England from the lesser German principalities. Six German rulers made use of this opportunity of filling their coffers. Hesse-Cassel and Wesse-Hanau supplied most of the troops, but their ruler was not alone in earning for himself the unsavory reputation of selling his men to the English. Actually, the first completed contract was made with Charles First, Duke of Brunswick, this being dated Jan. 9, 1776. Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Cassel and his son William of Hesse-Hanau followed, sent most of the troops and drove a harder bargain for doing so. The agreements provided for the cash payment of thirty crowns (about seven pounds) per man supplied, with the payment of a cash subsidy for each year of the war and for a varying time thereafter. The princes undertook to supply the deficiency made up by desertion and sickness, unless there was an unusual outbreak of disease or extremely heavy losses in battle or siege. The blood money clause, considered peculiarly barbaric even in those rude times, provided that if any man were killed in the service, an additional amount, approximately seven pounds, was to be paid, this amount being intended for the families of the men killed, but the princes have not been exonerated from the unpleasant charge of having themselves pocketed the amount. Three wounded men were to be paid for at the rate of one man killed. This blood money clause was not in the Anspach agreement. England was to pay all the troops at the rate usually paid to her own armies. If extremely heavy losses were met, England must make them good, and must bear the expense of procuring recruits to re-establish the contingents. The total cost to the British Government has never been given out. It is known that the amount paid exceeded 1,770,000 pounds sterling, beyond the pay of the soldiers and expenses other than for recruiting and equipment. The number of men brought out under these agreements were as follows,-- Brunswick ____________________5,723 Hesse-Cassel _________________16,992 Hesse-Hanau __________________2,422 Anspach-Bayreuth_______________2,553 Waldeck _____________________ 1,225 Anhalt-Zerbat __________________1,160 Total_________________________29,875 Of these 17,313 returned. It is estimated that 6,354 died of disease or accident, about 1,200 were killed in action or died of wounds, and there were about 5,000 desertions. This latter seems a large number especially when we remember that the difference of language made detection relatively easy, but it must be borne in mind that Congress made special overtures with Promises of rewards and lands to any German who would desert. If an officer did so, and brought forty men with him, the reward promised was a grant of 800 acres of land and a number of livestock. The Duke of Brunswick sent instructions that those of his men who were guilty of crime or disorderly conduct and those unfit for military duty were to be left in America. The distinctively German units were not numbered but were called after their commanding officers or "chefs". Their sick were to remain as much as possible under the care of their own surgeons, though British hospitals were to be open for them. The English government was to pay the expenses incurred in bringing back to a port on the Elbe or the Weser the wounded who were not fit for further service. These were the conditions under which whole German regiments were obtained from the rulers of a number of the lesser German States. In addition to these, arrangements were made under which the British government was permitted to open recruiting offices for several of their own regiments at certain places on the Rhine. One ventures to suggest--though no evidence of it has been discovered--that the 60th Regiment, which was known most closely to resemble a foreign legion, would be selected by a number of the Germans as the Regiment in the ranks of' which they would prefer to serve. This possibly explains the presence of such a large number of aliens in the ranks of the battalion, and also their eligibility for land grants at the termination of the war. The 3rd and 4th battalions of the Regiment, which it had been decided to disband, arrived in Halifax from New York in September, 1783. It has nor been possible to secure a nominal roll of the battalions as they then were, for the purpose of ascertaining how many of these eventually took advantage of the land grants offered them, nor has any information been obtained of the conditions under which the winter was passed in Halifax. It is possible that here many of the members of the units took their discharges and disappeared. In December, however, the number was added to by the arrival of another party who had set out from Plymouth, England, in the Prince of Orange transport, and who had been driven off the Nova Scotia coast in November. A letter now in the Archives written by Augustus Fricke from Falmouth and dated January 22, 1784, tells of his arrival there on December 8th in a most distressed condition, and begging assistance for himself and those who were with him. Another memorial dated 31st March, 1785, gives more details, and also asks that consideration be given to their claims for arrearages dating from that time. This memorial is signed by Augustus Fricke, Lewis Hulsman, Adam Uloth, Christian Wendell, Casper Rheinhold and one other, all of whom appeared to have belonged to the draft, and all of whom received lands at Chedabucto. For some reason the men of the 60th Regiment were detained in Halifax a longer time than were others who there passed the winter and who were to be their neighbors in Guysborough County. The Montague Corps and the Associated Departments were sent away in May 1784, but not till several months later did the members of the battalions of the 60th leave Halifax. Whatever their numbers had been on their arrival in Halifax in the preceding fall, and even with those who had come from Plymouth to join the battalion, they numbered only 133 when they were mustered in Halifax by William Shaw, Muster Master on July 17, 1784. There were then 76 men, 34 women, 12 children under and 7 children over the age of ten years, with 4 servants. Probably a short time after that they set sail for their new homes. In the party were two officers Augustus Fricke, who was the Adjutant of the 3rd Battalion, and William Sealy, a Lieutenant. Arriving in Guysborough, at that time called Chedabucto or Manchester, they found that considerable progress had been made in preparing for the new settlement. Already tents and huts and other rude habitations were arising on the hillside lying open to their view, on Nicholas Denys' old clearings near the harbor mouth, at the site of the old Indian encampment near Cutler's Cove and on the smaller of the two islets in the harbor. The clearing of land was doubtless proceeding apace, and from the shipping in the harbor lumber and supplies of all kinds were being unladen. To the south, near or beyond the harbor entrance, glimpses might be caught of the homes of some of the nine pre-loyalist settlers, the little group of which the Hadley family from Liverpool was the nucleus. Surveying and clearing of the town site, was proceeding rapidly though not for several years were the allotments actually made, owing to the loss of the surveyor's records by shipwreck on the way to Halifax, and the necessity of repeating the work. When the town was laid off, the planning was done in such a way, that, radiating from a central ungranted parade, lots formed four town Divisions. Of these, the North-east and the South-west Divisions were bounded by the waters of the harbor. Streets separated the divisions into areas, to each of which a block letter was given, and these in turn divided into lots of approximately 65 by 155 feet in size. There were from six to twenty of these lots in each area of which a letter served as designation. When lots were assigned to the members of the 60th Regiment, they found them to have been given in the South-east divisions, in many ways, the choicest of any in the whole plot. Immediately in front of them was the harbor, wholly protected from the waters of the bay by a sandy beach or bar which almost completely closes the harbor entrance. South of them was the eminence overlooking the narrow harbor mouth on which was yet traceable the old French fortifications of Denys and his successors. If we accept the evidence of an old French map of the year 1744, the ground they occupied was that on which the old French settlement had been located. Their larger lots, however, did not at any place impinge upon the area comprising the town plot. These commenced beyond the old Rinney grant at Salmon River, and stretched in a long line along the southern shore of Chedabucto Bay towards Crow Harbour, (now Queensport), where they abutted on the Finucane grant. Lot No. 1 was nearly fifteen miles away from the town plot, and Lot 59 was about five miles away. If they were to live on their town lots, their other lands were of little value to them. Without a doubt, many could not afford to do other than to attempt at once to make for themselves a living, and hence, relatively few remained in the town. Their lands facing as they did the waters of the bay, teeming with fish, offered some prospects of providing a means of livelihood. The shore line here was in many places precipitous, falling steeply to the water's edge, with the scanty soil characteristics of granitic formations or of glacial denudation. Only in a few places were there breaks in the shore line which offered shelter for boats. The whole littoral was exposed to the sweep of north or east winds. Nothing but small boats could be used, boats so small that they could easily be drawn up beyond reach of the waves. From the rough shore line their lands extended back through a thin growth of stunted spruce to the wholly barren upland, strewn with granite boulders. Only in few places was it possible to find land suitable for tilling. It speaks well for the quality and determination of the group, that a very fair percentage of them remained to become identified with the growth and progress of the County. It will be seen that even the larger lots were not of a very great area, only the amount, in fact, usually given to privates or non-commissioned officers. Sealy and Fricke were the only officers. Fricke obtained his land in due time, but when Sealy was to have received his apportionment, not only his life, but the lives of all his family had been blotted out in a tragic accident, which must have saddened unutterably the hearts of his neighbors and friends. His wife was a Miss Hannah Godfrey, thought to be the daughter of one of the nine preLoyalist settlers, who were living in Chedabucto before the new influx of settlers commenced. It would appear that they were living on the Godfrey land, nor far outside the harbor mouth. A child was born to the couple in March, 1785. On the morning of October 23rd of the same year, Sealy, with his wife and child and the Nurse, Martha Gottfrey, left by boat to attend the Sabbath morning service in the settlement. Some accident occurred and all were drowned. From the records which still exist, it is quite easy to follow the story of those who remained for any length of time on their town lots, or who remained in town, as opposed to those who moved very soon to their other lands. Perhaps the one of all who left the deepest mark in the memory of the community was the doctor, Ludovic Joppy, who for many years attended to the professional needs of the whole countryside. He was not a regimental surgeon, in point of fact on one nominal roll he is named as a sergeant. He received 250 acres of land, as did others of that rank. Drs. John McPherson and James Boggs who were surgeons of other units, received from 600 to 800 acres each. These quite soon were lose sight of or moved away from the settlement, but Joppy remained. His home eventually was made on the eastern side of the harbor, among the Montague Corp. ; and those who settled on the Hallowell grant. The dates of the deaths of both Joppy and his wife are unknown, but his estate was administered on in July, 1817. Since his wife was not one of the administrators, she may have predeceased him. It is said that he is one of those who are buried on the private burying ground on the old Hadley property. He left no family. A cove on the western side of the harbour is still among the older persons referred to as Joppy's Cove and there comes down to us echoes of the doings of the good little man, as, riding his mare Lively, he made his rounds among the ailing of the community. It is of interest to note that in the records of the Court of General Sessions for the year 1803, Dr. Joppy was named as Health Officer for the area. Readers of the writings of Joseph Howe may remember his 'Eastern Rambles' and the account of his visit to Guysborough. In the issue of the 'Nova Scotian' of August 4, 1831, is a short account of his stay in the old tavern kept by Christian Muller, whom Howe recommends to those who are curious as to the details of the Seven Years War, and insufficiently acquainted with the merits of Frederick the Great. At least one of Muller's experiences soon after his arrival in Chedabucto and before his life had assumed the placid and pastoral quality which Howe noted, must have made this old German think that with the cessation of his war service, the moments when for him life or death hung in the balance were by no means at an end. Early in 1785, he with several men was engaged in the transportation of supplies from Halifax, and if the story is correct in all its details, there it no doubt but that anxiously indeed his arrival with them was awaited. He arrived in time, but he brought no supplies with him, but a tale of mutiny, marooning and narrowly averted death. His men had seized the vessel, and after placing him on an island on the eastern shore had gone, to sell their booty in some Massachusetts port. The long arm of the law reached them, however, and they were in time brought back to Halifax to give an account of their actions. The final stage of the tragedy was played on the shores of St. George's Island in September of the same year, when two of the mutineers were hanged. It is said that the scene of Muller's enforced marooning was somewhere among the Jeddore islands. His name, in a somewhat altered form, is still attached to a prominent landmark on the waterfront of the town, on the shore of which his home was built. He was one of the members of the battalions who married in Halifax, while awaiting transportation to his grant, his wife's name being Ann Francheville. He had no family, but there lived with them a brother or nephew of Mrs. Muller's, named John George Francheville, from whom are descended the families now bearing that surname. Both Muller and his wife lived to a round old age, he dying in March, 1841, aged 90, while Mrs. Muller lived until August, 1846. She was 82 years old at the time of her death. For many years Muller was the Sheriff of the County, when as the County of Sydney, its confines included all the eastern portion of Nova Scotia. Another member of this group will be remembered by those who have had occasion to examine the records of Christ Church. Such persons could not but have been struck with the sedulous care with which the first records were kept, and have noted the name of the Vestry Clerk, Augustus Fricke. With copper plate writing and with the text embellished here and there with appropriate Latin quotations, these old records do infinite credit to their maker. It is hoped that they still are in existence. Few persons in this day and generation could produce their like, or give evidence of the possession of artistic and literary abilities of -a higher order. His connection with the story of Guysborough was not of long duration. During the period he was one of its residents, he too, held several positions of relative prominence in connection with the affairs of the County. These are some of the 60th Regiment settlers who did not betake themselves to their out-of-town allotments, but became residents of the town which sprang up where the residential lots were located. The large majority quite soon moved to their larger grants on the shores of Chedabucto Bay, and there their descendants still live. One is struck with the fact that the numbers who remained in the County constituted a very large percentage, in contrast with the members of some of the other regimental units. Possibly their long stay in Halifax had weeded out very effectually all the fainter hearted; possibly they were better colonizing material; possibly the fact that there was a large number of married men, accounts for this. In this latter respect this unit contrasts most sharply with the Montague Corps, very few of whom brought wives. This latter Corps petitioned the home Government that wives be sent out to them from England, but found that match-making was not considered within the purview of the Colonial Department. The result was that many of them moved away, leaving little trace of their presence in the County. There is still another reason why the 60th Regiment settlers may have made a better showing as regards the number of them who remained on their places than did the other units. The 60th Regiment lands were almost wholly unfitted for agriculture, except for scattered patches here and there among the granite boulders. The waters of Chedabucto Bay, however, bounded their lands, and these waters teemed with fish. A few miles to the east of their limits was Fox Island, where the mackerel fishery was of a richness which almost exceeded belief. Few of their numbers could have been expert fishermen, but one did not have to be an expert in order to procure at least sufficient fish to keep one's self from starving. It took a much longer time and much more preparation before one could clear his land, however fit for cultivation it was, and be independent on an allotment in a better agricultural district. Many quailed before the slower and more tedious task, and moved away to seek other conditions. The members of the 60th Regiment stayed on, and while opulence or even comfort was In many cases denied them, they at least never found conditions so unbearable that migration or removal became for them a necessity. Drab enough to many would appear to be the story of these settlers since that time. One pictures to one's self the steps by which they painfully made their way, the erection of log huts and the development of the little clearings, though indeed there were many lots on which there could be found between the precipitous shore line and the granite barrens not sufficient level land for even the tiniest of farms. Some were more fortunate, and found little patches suitable for their needs, where here and there brooks had through long years made their way down the hills ,to miniature deltas at the base. Especially near the head of the bay is the shore line precipitous, almost unclimbable, so that roadbuilding was no easy task. A road from Guysborough to Crow Harbour was ordered to be laid cut in 1805. It was to cost no more than 60 pounds. It has been impossible to determine when the first road was made to traverse the length of the district. The first obtainable reference is to a bridge which was made over a brook at Half Way Cove, in 1800, which bridge was to cost no more than three pounds. Some kind of a road, costing no more than 60 pounds was built in 1805, but not till 1824 was there a road passable for carriages through the district and on to Canso. Shelter having been obtained and paths or roads completed, the erection of the first church was undertaken, a little chapel in the parish of which Christ Church in Guysborough was the centre. Here, on land said to have been donated by William Bedford, was built the first of the churches, the present being the fourth which have successively been called the Dutch Churches. Around it are clustered many of the graves of the pioneers, their days of warfare over, the harbour gained at last. Other denominations gradually obtained foothold; schools followed, but slow and tedious indeed must have been the progress. Ever down the hillside from the little houses strung along the heights, the waters of Chedabucto Bay, mirror-like in calm or a heaving and seething cauldron when the east wind brings into it the surges of the Atlantic, have provided at times a begrudged and reluctant, at times a plentiful harvest, gathered however, nor without an infinitude of forethought and labour and toil. Nor has the toll been always so easily paid, for the sea has claimed many of those who in their childhood days, watched from a vantage point in safety the riot of the waves, or marveled at the cloud-flecked mirror below them. But since the sea is what it is, these hardy and simple folk have persisted, have contributed the toil, braved the danger and paid the price, have learned if not to love, at least to endure without complaining, their existence's so drab. They early learned how to construct for themselves their tiny boats, from the product of the nearby forest. The handicraft of the boat-builder may be observed in the fittings and furniture of their homes. Their wants for many years were of the simplest description, and few indeed were the calls on the factory or the shop. Knitting their own nets in the winter evenings, fashioning the rude 'killicks' which served as boat or net moorings, constructing their own lobster pots or other fishing equipment, tending their gardens or cultivating the sterile soil, they have passed their self-contained and peaceable existence's. Gradually around the homes have expanded the little clearings, where carefully tended gardens or none too fertile farms have given employment to those agriculturally inclined, or for those who shunned the period of enforced idleness when the harvest of the sea could not be gathered. And so we find them to this day, though the advent of the motor boat and the failure of the fish to return to the inshore grounds have of late complicated their heretofore simple lives. Patient and peaceable and painstaking, they have led their harmless existence's, and if at times some have rebelled at the monotony and the toil, they have done so under circumstances which call for sympathy, not criticism. So we understand why one old patriarch, whose sea experiences go back over eighty years since first he accompanied his father to the nets in the offing, rebelled at last against hauling the ungainly 'killick', and impetuously putting off in his little boat rowed ten miles to the nearest blacksmith, accustomed to the forging of iron anchors. Here he loudly declared his intention no longer of fishing with the aid of the old contrivances. Henceforward for him, none other than the forged anchor was to be used. His 'killick' days were over. We can forgive them if we can not chronicle that from this little group have arisen some whose names have become household words in our Province or Dominion, some perchance whose diction has held audiences spellbound, whose legal talent have earned for them the respect and admiration of their equals, whose skill in treatment has made them to be honored among their fellows, whose attainments in the arts or sciences have contributed to the accumulations of an appreciative world. For them the simpler homelier attainments, the skill to man their frail craft, in which, to use their own homely expression, they feel themselves to be "as safe as in God's pocket". These belong not to the intelligentsia or the aristocracy of our Province, but are of' those whom God must have loved most, in Lincoln's apt epigram, since He made so many of them. Mention has been made of the old 'Dutch'' Church. Strange transposition or miscalling that is, the result of a process of mind comparable possibly to that indicated in a Halifax experience, where again a Church is connected. Strange though it is, it is almost the only intimation apart from the foreign flavor of the names that indicates the alien origin of the population. Years of residence under conditions which have permitted access into all the homes, and a more or less intimate acquaintance with the majority of the people have failed to elicit one story or one tradition of the home across the Rhine. There is not only no German spoken, but, within the memory of the oldest inhabitant, there never was a time when German was in use. There is no German book, there are no German traditions. The last member of the regiments died at a time well within the memory of persons now living. One remarkably intelligent and well-informed old gentleman, born in 1822 and dying but a few years ago, could give no information connected in any way with the fatherland, or could tell of no incident which served as a link connecting his ancestors with their original nationality. Very shortly after their arrival, it appears that communication with their old homes ceased, and the old ties were soon completely severed. It seems that no other families or individuals at any time came from Germany, to throw in their lots with their friends and relatives here, as for instance did the three Jamieson brothers, who moved to the vicinity as a result of accounts sent home by John Jamieson, a Scotch sergeant in one of the battalions. There has been much intermarriage with persons of other blood, but there must be many who are of undiluted German stock. Nor is there discoverable any semblance of a tradition based on connection with any specified military unit. One might expect that remembrance of connection with a unit so prominent in military annals as the Royal American Regiment or the King's Own Rifle Corps might have been preserved. History tells us of the martial achievements of their comrades in arms, but these having doffed their accoutrements of war, gave or give no evidence of any desire again to don them Possibly we would all be the happier, could we, as easily as they, condone or accept the substitution of the plow-share for the sword, the reaping-hook for the spear. LAND GRANTS OF THE SIXTIETH REGIMENT - ROYAL AMERICANS Town Lots Other Lands Block Lot Lot Name Letter Number Number Acres *Bayne, Alex -----------E 19 30 250 *Bush, John Godfrey ----A 6 45 250 *Bush, Jacob (Ludovic)--E 20 51 250 BEDFORD, LEVIN-- - 26 250 *Brown, John ---------- D 3 53 250 *Boyer, John --------- - -- --- *Christ, George --------D 11 -- --- *Chapman, William----- - -- -- --- Deickoff, Herman------- E 8 24 200 Deiterich, Adam (Dederick) - -- 56 300 Dort, Valentine---------E 6 31 200 *Derr (Durr), John----- B 3 50 100 *Esbach, Gottfrey------ D 4 7 250 ELAR ( EHLER ), JOHN--- E 2 8 200 *Fleisher, Conrad------ I 1 15 150 *Fener, Joseph--------- -- 57 100 Fricke, Augustus------- N 6 21 600 *Goldman, Christian-- E 9 49 200 *Gunn, John--------- M 8 14 300 Greencorn, Ludovic (Krinkhorn)-- A 8 29 300 Greencorn, Ludovic- - -- 25 100 Greencorn, Adam- - -- 23 100 *Gleigh, Martin---- - -- 41 100 *Goyonally, David- - -- -- --- George (Gurgon ), Justics ( Justus )--E 7 13 100 *Heskell, John------ - -- -- --- *Henning, John----------- E 1 HURST, SAMUEL-------------E 3 20 300 *Hounsheil, John-- -------N 7 16 150 *Homan, Conrad, Sr.-------A 12 10 250 *Homan, Conrad, Jr.-------D 7 22 100 *Hull, Henry-------- - -- 40 200 *Hartman, Joshua (Joseph)-E 10 34 200 *Hulsman, Ludovic (Lewis)-O 1 59 250 *Innes (?), Henry-- - -- -- --- Jamieson, John----------- D 1 39 300 Joppe (Joppy), Ludovic----A 10 46 250 *Johnstone, David-------- A 1 -- --- *Jones, John--------- - -- -- --- *Linton, John--------- - -- -- --- Lowry (Laurie), James- - -- 4 300 *Merryweather, Thomas- - -- -- --- Muller, Christian--------O 3 38 250 MEYER (MYERS), FERDINAND----- M 5 6 100 Meyer, George------------D 12 9 100 *Meyer, Charles------- - -- 3 100 *Munn (Mann), John----- E 18 17 100 *Mills, John------------ - -- -- --- *Nutt, Daniel------------- D 6 42 100 *Orphenius, William----- - D 8 2 100 *Pope, Joshua---------- - -- -- --- *Pape (Papa), Frederick- A 7 19 150 *Patch, Frederick--------- A 3 43 200 *Rumple, William------ - -- 12 250 Reuter (Ryder), Henry---- D 10 33 300 Rheinhold (Rhynold), Casper- -- 5 300 *Rhoeden, Moritz--------- A 5 32 250 *Range, Joseph--------- - -- 35 100 *Ryan, John------------ - -- 37 150 *Richardson, John------ - -- -- --- *Shoenwise, John---------- M 9 48 100 Sneider, John, Sr.-------- A 11 11 100 *Sneider, Christian------- A 9 1 200 SARTORIUS, VALENTIN (VALENTINE)A 4 58 200 Stropel, George----------- N 5 18 300 *Sealy, Lieut.------------ - -- -- --- *Stafford, Oliver----------F 5 28 350 Sneider, John, Jr.-------- I 3 27 100 *Sartorius, Ludovic------- - -- -- --- *Taylor, James-------------I 16 47 250 Uloth, Adam----------------O 2 54 300 *Wendell, Peter------------D 2 44 200 *Wick, Henry---------------D 5 55 250 *Wright, John------------- - -- -- --- *Willis, Richard--------- - -- -- --- *Wendell, Christian----- - -- 52 200 The names were taken from a copy of the Muster Roll taken at Halifax, 17 July 1784. The apportionments of lands were taken from the Town Clerk's Book.Apparently Christian Wendell's name had been omitted from the Roll or the copy of it. The Muster Master notes that neither John Linton or John Jones were present at the muster either at Halifax or Chedabucto. (Concerning those marked with a (*), little or no record has been found.) Women Mrs. Sealy Catherine Uloth Maria Gunn Anne Hulsman Maria Hounshell Elinora Bush Maria Stropel ELIZA SARTORIUS Maria Brush Maria Pope Catherine Rhoeden Eliza Dort Eliza Deitrick Ann Taylor Maria Esbach Maria Roemple Elizabeth Greencorn Alithea Fricke Unity Muller Anne Bayne Charlotte Jamieson Maria Goyonally Elizabeth Fener Maria Stafford Dorothy Reuter ESTHER Ann Rheinhold Ann Fleisher Henrietta Lowry ELIZABETH HURST Jane Joppy Maria Merryweather Children Under Ten Years of Age Augustus Uloth Grace Stafford Ludovic Sartorius Jacob Greencorn Elizabeth Hurst Elinora Deitrick George Stropel Maria Stafford Maria Reuter JOHN HURST Sarah Hurst Eliza Merryweather Children Over Ten Years of Age These numbered seven, but the names are not given. Servants Martha Gottfrey Joshua Veal James May Lucretia Sowell The total number of names on the Muster Roll was as follows: Names of Men (See alphabetical list)--------------------------------------------76 Women---------------------------------------------34 Children under Ten------------------------------------------------ 12 Children over Ten----------------------------------------------------7 Servants--------------------------------------------4 Total------------------------------------------------------133 These were mustered at Halifax by William Shaw, Muster Master, on the 17th of July, 1784 Home Page WWW.walcat.concentrichost.com